Creep is a phenomenon that occurs in rubber materials when they are subjected to a constant load or stress over time. When a rubber material is compressed or stretched and held under a constant load, it will continue to deform over time even if the load remains constant. This process is called creep and is … Continued
Stress relaxation is a phenomenon that occurs in rubber materials when they are subjected to a constant deformation or strain over time. When a rubber material is stretched or compressed and held in a deformed state for a period of time, its stress level will decrease over time while the deformation remains constant. This process … Continued
Set recovery is a measure of the ability of rubber materials to return to their original shape after being subjected to deformation or compression. When a rubber material is compressed or stretched, it undergoes a process called “set” or “permanent set,” where it retains a portion of the deformation even after the load is removed. … Continued
Fatigue life refers to the number of cycles of stress a material can withstand before it fails due to fatigue. When a material is subjected to repeated cyclic loading, cracks can form and propagate through the material, leading to failure. A shortening of the fatigue life of a material means that the material can withstand … Continued
Hysteresis is the energy loss that occurs when a material is subjected to a cyclic stress or deformation. In rubber materials, hysteresis is related to the amount of heat generated during deformation, and it is typically measured as the difference between the energy required to compress the material and the energy released when the material … Continued
ASTM D2000 is a widely used standard specification that defines the requirements for rubber products in terms of their physical and chemical properties. The specification includes a system of type and class designations that help to identify the properties of rubber materials and their intended applications. The ASTM D2000 type designation consists of two … Continued
Rubber molecules are long chain polymers made up of repeating units of isoprene monomers. Isoprene is a small molecule that has the chemical formula C5H8 and contains two double bonds. When many isoprene molecules join together, they form a long chain polymer called polyisoprene, which is the primary component of natural rubber. The chains of … Continued
The Mullins effect, also known as the Mullins-Schofield effect, is a phenomenon observed in elastomers or rubber-like materials. It describes the change in the mechanical properties of the material upon cyclic loading and unloading. Specifically, the Mullins effect refers to the softening and irreversible reduction in stiffness of an elastomer after being subjected to multiple … Continued
Rubber compounds are complex mixtures of rubber, fillers, oils, curatives, and other additives. Such experimental studies as have been done, have, of necessity, been confined to a few specific, and usually simple, compounds. Mathematical models of rubber flow, have, therefore, to make a number of simplifying assumptions in order to reduce their complexity, and to … Continued
Shear thinning fluids are fluids that exhibit a decrease in viscosity as the shear rate increases. In other words, the fluid becomes less viscous and flows more easily when it is subjected to higher rates of shear stress. Rubber is an example of a shear thinning material. When rubber is subjected to shear stress, the … Continued
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